Exploring Brain Tumor Treatments
Treatment for brain tumors depends on several factors, including the type, size, severity and location of the tumor, as well as the patient’s overall health. In this article we'll review some of the primary treatment options:
1. Ojemda
Ojemda is a newer medication designed to target specific types of brain tumors. It works by inhibiting the growth of abnormal cells while sparing healthy brain tissue, offering a targeted and promising approach for patients diagnosed with certain types of brain tumors. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which work by blocking signals that promote tumor cell division and blood vessel formation.
It is particularly effective in treating certain aggressive brain tumors, often used alongside other therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation for optimal results. Its targeted approach minimizes damage to healthy brain tissue, making it a vital part of many treatment regimens.
2. Surgery
Surgical removal of the tumor is often the first line of treatment for many brain tumors and has proven quite effective. If the tumor is accessible and can be safely removed without damaging surrounding brain tissue, surgery may provide relief from symptoms and help prevent further growth.
For tumors in inaccessible areas, complete removal may not be possible, but partial removal can help alleviate symptoms and enhance the effectiveness of subsequent therapies.
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3. Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays or protons, to destroy tumor cells. It’s often employed after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells or as a primary treatment for inoperable tumors.
Three options for radiation therapy include:
- External beam radiation therapy (EBRT): Targets the tumor with precision, sparing healthy brain tissue.
- Proton therapy: Delivers radiation to the tumor with minimal exposure to surrounding areas, reducing side effects.
- Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS): A highly focused form of radiation that uses advanced imaging to deliver intense doses to small, well-defined tumors.
4. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill or inhibit the growth of cancer cells. They are commonly prescribed for brain tumors and can be used in combination with radiation or after surgery to prevent recurrence.
According to the Canadian Cancer Society, the average progression-free survival is approximately 12.8 months with chemotherapy alone and up to five years with combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
5. Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapies like Ojemda represent a breakthrough in cancer treatment. These therapies focus on specific genetic mutations or proteins in the tumor, offering a more personalized approach.
Other notable targeted therapies include:
- Bevacizumab (Avastin): Inhibits blood vessel growth in tumors.
- Larotrectinib: For tumors with specific gene fusions.
These drugs are particularly effective for patients with molecular markers matching the treatment’s focus.
6. Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy harnesses the body’s immune system to recognize and fight cancer cells. While still under extensive research, immunotherapy offers hope for treating aggressive or recurrent brain tumors. Common immunotherapy options include:
- Checkpoint inhibitors: Help the immune system detect and attack tumor cells.
- Vaccines: Designed to stimulate an immune response against tumor-specific antigens.
- CAR T-cell therapy: A cutting-edge treatment where a patient’s T-cells are modified to attack tumor cells.
7. Tumor Treating Fields (TTF)
TTF is a new treatment that uses electrical fields to disrupt cancer cell division. It is delivered via wearable devices. Its non-invasive nature and targeted mechanism make it an attractive option for certain patients.
8. Clinical Trials
For patients with recurrent or treatment-resistant brain tumors, clinical trials can offer access to emerging therapies. These trials often explore novel drugs, combinations of existing treatments, and innovative techniques such as gene therapy. Participation in a clinical trial may provide new hope for improved outcomes.