Understanding Excessive Sweating Disorder
Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition that causes excessive sweating, often occurring in areas such as the palms, soles, underarms or face. However, it can affect the entire body. People with hyperhidrosis may sweat excessively during normal daily activities or even while at rest.
There are two main types of hyperhidrosis:
- Primary focal hyperhidrosis: This type is typically localized to specific areas like the hands, feet or armpits and usually begins during childhood or adolescence. It is not caused by an underlying medical condition or medication.
- Secondary generalized hyperhidrosis: This type occurs as a result of another medical condition or as a side effect of certain medications. It often affects larger areas of the body and tends to develop later in life.
Causes of Hyperhidrosis
The causes of hyperhidrosis depend on what type you have.
With primary hyperhidrosis, it's believed to be a result of overactive sweat glands regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. Genetics may also play a role.
Secondary hyperhidrosis can be caused by underlying medical conditions or triggers, including:
- Endocrine disorders like hyperthyroidism or diabetes
- Menopause
- Neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease
- Infections
- Certain medications, such as antidepressants or hormonal treatments
Symptoms of Hyperhidrosis
The primary symptom of hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating that may:
- Soak through clothing
- Require frequent towel drying of affected areas
- Interfere with daily activities like holding objects, writing, or using electronics
- Cause social embarrassment or anxiety
Hyperhidrosis and Quality of Life
Hyperhidrosis can have a large impact on a person’s emotional well-being, leading to social withdrawal, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression and more. In severe cases, it may also result in physical complications like skin infections, rashes or irritation due to excessively moist skin and dampness.
Treatment Options for Hyperhidrosis
While hyperhidrosis can be challenging, various treatment options are available to manage the condition effectively. Treatment varies depending on the severity of the condition:
1. Topical Treatments
- Antiperspirants: Clinical-strength antiperspirants containing aluminum chloride are often the first step in addressing hyperhidrosis. They block the sweat glands to reduce perspiration.
2. Medications
- Anticholinergics: These oral medications reduce sweating by blocking the nerves that stimulate sweat glands. Common examples include oxybutynin and glycopyrrolate.
- Beta blockers or benzodiazepines: For cases where anxiety triggers excessive sweating, these medications can help manage symptoms.
3. Botulinum Toxin (Botox) Injections
Botox injections are FDA-approved for treating severe underarm sweating. The toxin temporarily blocks the nerves that stimulate sweat glands, reducing perspiration for several months.
4. Iontophoresis
This non-invasive treatment involves passing a mild electrical current through water to temporarily shut down sweat glands. It is particularly effective for excessive sweating of the hands and feet.
5. Microwave Therapy (miraDry)
Microwave-based energy is used to destroy sweat glands in the underarms. This procedure offers a long-term reduction in sweating and is becoming increasingly popular.
6. Surgery
- Sympathectomy: This surgical procedure involves cutting or clamping the nerves that trigger sweating in the affected areas. It is usually reserved for severe cases that do not respond to other treatments.
- Sweat gland removal: For underarm hyperhidrosis, removing or suctioning the sweat glands can provide relief.
7. Lifestyle Modifications
Simple lifestyle modifications can make a large difference in dealing with hyperhidrosis. Some of the options come down to:
- Wearing breathable fabrics and moisture-wicking clothing
- Using absorbent powders or pads
- Avoiding known triggers such as spicy foods, caffeine or stressful situations
8. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
For individuals whose sweating is linked to anxiety or stress, or whose sweating leads to emotional distress, therapy can help manage triggers and improve quality of life.
When to See a Doctor
If excessive sweating interferes with daily activities, causes emotional distress or does not improve with over-the-counter treatments, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. A medical professional can help diagnose the type of hyperhidrosis and recommend appropriate treatment options.