Beyond Medication
In this article, we will explore dietary recommendations for individuals with Parkinson's, focusing on drinks to avoid, the best foods, and those to limit. We will also discuss what Parkinson’s disease is, what causes it and the different treatment options available, including Ongentys which is used to help prolong the effects of Levodopa.
Dietary recommendations for Parkinson’s disease:
Drinks to Avoid for Parkinson's
Excessive Alcohol: While moderate alcohol consumption is generally considered acceptable, excessive alcohol intake can interfere with the effectiveness of some Parkinson's medications and may worsen symptoms like balance issues and tremors.
Caffeinated Beverages: Although caffeine can provide a temporary energy boost, it can also exacerbate common Parkinson's symptoms such as tremors and insomnia. Limiting the consumption of caffeinated drinks like coffee, tea and energy drinks may be beneficial.
Best Foods for Parkinson's
Here are some of the best foods to incorporate into your diet.
High-Fiber Foods: Constipation is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease. Consuming a diet rich in fiber from sources like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans and legumes can help promote regular bowel movements and maintain gut health.
Antioxidant-Rich Foods: Parkinson's is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, which can contribute to neurodegeneration. Including foods high in antioxidants, such as berries, dark leafy greens, bell peppers, tomatoes, nuts and seeds, may help reduce inflammation and protect brain cells.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These essential fats, found in fatty fish like salmon and trout or from plant-based sources such as flaxseeds and walnuts, have anti-inflammatory properties and may potentially help alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Worst Foods for Parkinson's
These foods should be avoided and limited for Parkinson’s disease.
Saturated and Trans Fats: A high intake of saturated fats, present in fatty meats, full-fat dairy products and processed foods, may increase the risk of developing Parkinson's or worsening symptoms. Trans fats found in many fried and baked goods have a similar negative impact and should also be avoided.
Excessive Salt: A high-sodium diet can contribute to fluid retention and exacerbate symptoms such as bloating or swelling. Reducing salt intake by using herbs, spices or low-sodium alternatives can be beneficial.
Industrial Chemicals: Some studies suggest a possible link between certain pesticides and the development of Parkinson's disease. Minimizing exposure to pesticides by choosing organic foods whenever possible, especially fruits and vegetables known to retain higher pesticide residues like strawberries or spinach, is a prudent measure.
Understanding Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement and is caused by the gradual loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate motor control and movement. The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is still unknown, but both genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to its development.
Signs and Symptoms of Parkinson's
Parkinson's disease is characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor symptoms include:
Tremors: Typically starting in the hands or fingers, tremors are an early hallmark of Parkinson's.
Bradykinesia: Slowed movement and difficulties with initiating or executing voluntary movements.
Rigidity: Stiffness and resistance to movement in the muscles, often leading to a reduced range of motion.
Postural Instability: Impaired balance and coordination, making it challenging to maintain an upright posture.
Non-motor Symptoms: These can include sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment and gastrointestinal issues such as constipation or difficulty swallowing.
Treatment Options for Parkinson's Disease
Treatment for Parkinson's disease aims to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Here are some common treatment options.
Medications
Levodopa: This is the most effective medication for managing Parkinson's symptoms. It is converted to dopamine in the brain, replenishing the low levels of this neurotransmitter.
Dopamine Agonists: These drugs mimic the effects of dopamine in the brain.
MAO-B Inhibitors: These medications inhibit the breakdown of dopamine, prolonging its effects in the brain.
COMT Inhibitors: These drugs prolong the effects of levodopa by inhibiting an enzyme that breaks it down.
Ongentys (Opicapone)
Ongentys is a medication that inhibits an enzyme involved in the breakdown of levodopa. It is used in conjunction with levodopa-containing medications to prolong their effects.
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
DBS involves implanting electrodes into specific areas of the brain and connecting them to a stimulator device similar to a pacemaker. This procedure can help control movement symptoms and reduce the need for medication.
Physical and Occupational Therapy
Physical therapy can improve mobility, balance and flexibility. Occupational therapy focuses on daily activities and helps individuals find adaptive strategies to manage daily tasks.
Speech Therapy
Speech therapy can address speech and swallowing difficulties that often arise in Parkinson's disease.
Exercise
Regular exercise has been shown to improve mobility and reduce the risk of falls. Activities such as walking, swimming and tai chi can be beneficial.
Final Notes
A thoughtful approach to nutrition is crucial for individuals living with Parkinson's disease. While there is no one-size-fits-all diet, the emphasis on whole, nutrient-dense foods and the avoidance of potential aggravators can contribute to improved quality of life. Individuals with Parkinson's need to work closely with healthcare professionals, including dietitians, to tailor dietary recommendations to their specific needs and preferences. In conjunction with medication and other therapies, a well-balanced diet can be a valuable component of a holistic approach to managing Parkinson's disease.